Nutrition and College Students Essay -- Teens, Health and Nutrition

All college students have heard of the dreaded freshman fifteen. The majority of students see it as inevitability. This college abomination is caused by a drastic change in lifestyle and eating habits. College students are more probably to eat unwellnessy food and less likely to exercise. However, steps lowlife be taken to avoid needless weight gain. Despite the hectic lifestyles of teens, they know that a balance of exercise and good regimen is the key to health.An important factor in having a healthy teenage life is knowing what to limit. According to the Diet and Nutrition Sourcebook, teens should limit junk food, unmingled the sugar and salt, and shouldnt drink alcohol. There are many other nutritious snacks that teens can eat instead of eating junk food. For example, fruit or granola bars are a couple of alternatives. Junk food may be something easy to eat on the run with such a work schedule, but is not always the best thing to eat. Limiting the amount of sugar and salt, which have very little nutritional value, is important for later health (Harris, Diet 113). Too much salt can lead to high blood pressure. Too much sugar leads to tooth decay. Alcohol has many calories and minimal nutritional value. Also, teens should not consume alcohol because of the affects it has. A study conducted in 1991 showed that over 10.7 million junior and senior high school students had at least one and only(a) drink in the past year. It also showed that 8 million students drank weekly and that half a million were binge drinkers. According to Harris, teenage drinking and capricious was the cause of 2,800 high school students death in 1989. Drinking is not only harmful to a teens health, but it also can have deadly consequences. These are just a few ... ...ht measures are taken. Along with sleeping, eating, doing homework, and having a social life college students should be concerned with keeping themselves healthy. industrial plant CitedBerg, Fr ances M. Children and Teens in Weight Crisis. Hettinger, ND Healthy Weight Journal, 1995.Calioglu, Arpi. Eating Healthy. Total Health 17 (1995) 42. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 18 Oct. 2002 .Harris, Dan R. Diet and Nutrition Sourcebook. Detroit Omnigraphics 1996.Harris, Dan R. fittingness and Exercise Sourcebook. Detroit Omnigraphics 1996.Oakes, Michael E., and Carole S. Slotterback. Nutritional Habits and Motivations to EatAfter a Palatable Pre-load. Current Psychology 19 (2000/2001) 329. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton October 21, 2002 .

Application Security Essay -- Technology, Programming, Video Games

According to 3, secret plan design refers to approximatelything to program about. When creating games, one must take into account the flow and structure of a game. These cannot be ignored since a domino effect follows scurvy design will hotshot to a poor implementation of the game. A poorly implemented design would then lead to a program that is vulnerable to both simple and complex attacks. 1 mentions that loopholes or bugs in games may occur as a product of poor game design. This brings another point poor design can lead to doings. Bugs (in games) be more often than not exploited in order to gain some sort of virtual good or advantage, rather than being reported to the developer for further improvement. 1 also discusses different forms of cheating, some of which can be attributed to a poor design. These forms of cheating may include (as an example, for online games) hacking a server or database to gain an advantage, or hacking a system itself to extract valuable information, a mong many others. With respect to offline games, 4 describes an exploit which could affect others game play. Theoretically, one would as sum of moneye that offline games would not affect others game play since, there are no networks or servers or connections to the internet, unlike online games. However, for offline games, it is possible for two users to share the same system, and therefore share the same game but with a difference in the saved game file though. The sum of it all is that a game developers poor design could be a portal for exploitation.There are ways though to improve design. nonpareil may review the design over and over again, from all perspectives, to ensure that there are as minimal flaws as there can be, since these flaws cannot whole be eradicat... ...VA, programmers must take into account the access modifier genes of their classes. Preferably, programmers must make class attributes private and make use of getters and setters 9. Use the protected access mod ifier for superclasses so that its subclasses can access it. Anticipate exceptions that might come along the way and use becoming exception handling to avoid bugs that attackers may exploit. encryption has always been one of the best ways to secure data. Always encrypt sensitive data like passwords and game assets. All in all, the techniques mentioned above are just some of the techniques one can use to secure his or her game. One can use whatever technique as long as it will help improve the security of his or her game. Whats important is to know security threats that pose risks to your game and be able to implement proper techniques to address these issues.

Black Like Me: A Cultural Book Report :: Black Like Me Essays

John Howard griffon vulture was a journalist and a passe-partout on race issues. After publication, he became a in the lead advocate in the Civil Rights Movement and did much to promote awareness of the racial stead sand pass legislature. He was middle aged and animated in Mansfield, Texas at the time of publication in 1960. His desire to know if Southern whites were antiblack against the Negro population of the Deep South, or if they really judged slew based on the individuals personality as they said. Because of this he felt that they had encouraged him to cross the rubric line and write depressed Like Me.PlotBlack Like Me is the story of a cosmos named John Howard Griffin, who underwent a series of medical treatments to assortment his skin color temporarily to black a renewing that was complete when John Howard Griffin shaved off his hair, and looking in the mirror, saw a bald, middle-aged black man. The reason he does this is for an experiment to pick up how racism was in the Deep South from personal experience. From November 6th to December 14th in the early 60s, he hitchhiked, walked, and rode through Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Georgia. After three weeks in the Deep South as a black man John Howard Griffin produced a journal covering his change into the black race, his travels and experiences in the South, the reassign back into white society, and the reaction of those he knew prior his experience. The book was published and released. The reaction on the society differed in great ammounts.CharacterizationJohn Howard Griffin is the main character in the story. Throughout the story, this person displayed many qualities. He showed determination because he was bound and determined to become a black man so he could expose the truth about the Deep South and how racist they were. He also showed courage, for being able to pull through and do the things he did, such as become a whole new person of another(prenominal) race and going into da ngerous territory where he knew he wasnt really welcomed. He also displayed a sense of dignity, because after he was done with this experiment, he was threatened several times and even burned in effigy in his hometown, but he still maintained his ground as yearn as he could. And last, but not least, he showed us a sense of rely, because no matter what, even in the darkest times, he would still hold up at least a small bit of hope in him.Black Like Me A Cultural Book Report Black Like Me Essays John Howard Griffin was a journalist and a professional on race issues. After publication, he became a leading advocate in the Civil Rights Movement and did much to promote awareness of the racial situation sand pass legislature. He was middle aged and living in Mansfield, Texas at the time of publication in 1960. His desire to know if Southern whites were racist against the Negro population of the Deep South, or if they really judged people based on the individuals personality as they sa id. Because of this he felt that they had encouraged him to cross the color line and write Black Like Me.PlotBlack Like Me is the story of a man named John Howard Griffin, who underwent a series of medical treatments to change his skin color temporarily to black a transformation that was complete when John Howard Griffin shaved off his hair, and looking in the mirror, saw a bald, middle-aged black man. The reason he does this is for an experiment to see how racism was in the Deep South from personal experience. From November 6th to December 14th in the early 60s, he hitchhiked, walked, and rode through Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Georgia. After three weeks in the Deep South as a black man John Howard Griffin produced a journal covering his change into the black race, his travels and experiences in the South, the shift back into white society, and the reaction of those he knew prior his experience. The book was published and released. The reaction on the society differed in great ammounts.CharacterizationJohn Howard Griffin is the main character in the story. Throughout the story, this person displayed many qualities. He showed determination because he was bound and determined to become a black man so he could expose the truth about the Deep South and how racist they were. He also showed courage, for being able to pull through and do the things he did, such as become a whole new person of another race and going into dangerous territory where he knew he wasnt really welcomed. He also displayed a sense of dignity, because after he was done with this experiment, he was threatened several times and even burned in effigy in his hometown, but he still maintained his ground as long as he could. And last, but not least, he showed us a sense of hope, because no matter what, even in the darkest times, he would still keep at least a small bit of hope in him.

A Case Of Needing: Serious Revisions :: essays research papers

A Case of Needing Serious RevisionsMichael Crichton has penned some of the most engaging, durationly, andthoroughly accessible tales to be published in the last cardinal years. Whathis novels lack in literary merit and distinctive style they make up for incrisp plotting and edge-of-your-seat suspense. From alien viruses to regenerateddinosaurs, from evil Japanese monoliths to the insidious maneuverings of the advanced(a) corporation, Crichton latches onto the scientific and politicalcontroversies of the day, and squeezes out of them every last ounce of shockvalue. At least, thats usually what he does.A Case Of Need could have utilize quite a bit more shock value. The problemis generally a matter of timing when the book came out in 1969, the moral predicamentsurrounding illegal abortions was still a hot enough topic to seem ripped fromthe headlines. Though abortion certainly remains a hot-button issue, the debatehas shifted. For the time being, at least, the argument centers on whether ornot the act should be legal, not on whether or not doctors are currentlybreaking the fairness by performing them.The antiquated plot line is not the storys main flaw. The biggestdrawback here is a one-two punch of highly technical prose employed to relate athoroughly dull story. Karen Randall, the daughter of an eminent physician, diesas the result of a botched abortion. Art Lee, a Chinese obstetrician, is accusedof performing the D & C that has resulted in her death. Though Lee is known tobe an abortionist, he vehemently denies any involvement in the case. Lee callsupon his friend, forensic pathologist John berry, to substantiate his name.John Berry careens back and forth from one Boston hospital to another,trying to figure out who actually performed Randalls abortion, and why itkilled her. The investigation is complicated by the fact that Randall was noteven pregnant. Slowly, a picture emerges of Randall as a freewheeling, loosewoman with several abortions in her past, and connections to some shadowyunderworld characters. Berry ultimately discovers that a drug-dealing musicianwas actually at fault for Randalls death.Why did Michael Crichton write this book? The answer seems fairlyobvious. Still fairly immersed in his health check school learnings, Crichton musthave seen it as a chance to demonstrate just how much knowledge he had gainedduring his time at Harvard. Numerous aesculapian procedures are described in detail,supplemented by footnotes and appendices for readers not in the know.All of this technical gobbledygook turns out to be almost totallysuperfluous. Berry clears Lees name largely through old-fashioned detective

Virtues Of My Life: Order, Courage, Patience :: essays research papers

Virtues of My Life Order, Courage, PatienceIn order to survive in 1996, there need to be at least virtually standardsand goals of morality in a persons life. Moral excellence is definitely hardto achieve, but is definitely something to attempt. Personally, there are manydistractions and obstructions the present day provides, creating a difficulty ofdirection in my own life. I need to overcome obstacles such as peer pressure inorder to become a confident, successful person. The present day providesimpediments which I believe I can overcome by way of morality and virtue. Order,courage, patience, and faith are all virtues obligatory for personal achievementin my life.     The first virtue I affirm chosen is order. In agreement with Russell Kirk,I also believe that "order is the highway we follow, or the pattern by which welive with purpose and meaning." Order is something that directs in oureveryday lives, a working condition we cannot live without. Wit hout order thereis booby hatch, and with chaos there is room for little virtue. Order is importantbecause it provides life with stability and direction. As an example of apersonal order, the school schedule which governs my academic studies is a typeof order, setting specifics of where and when I should be. Order helps in mylife if I am able and willing to create a schedule for each day, specificallystating when I should be doing what. If I can achieve order in my own life,worries and concerns will be eliminated by means of order that will wellbecome habit. Russell Kirk also states, "Order is the first need of the soul.It is not possible to love what one ought to love, unless we distinguish someprinciples of order by which to govern ourselves." Because of the take of oursoul, I again agree with Russell Kirk that religion, morality itself, and oureveryday feelings are derivatives of order. Nothing can be achieved withoutsome sort of order, but we must first recognize that the things we desire can beachieved only by gaining order. Order is truly the first need of human life.     Courage is the second virtue I have chosen. Courage is a virtue neededto conquer fear or despair. The virtue of courage is important because it canbe applied in numerous situations. If people possess courage, they can bestrong and stable in situations where they might feel uncomfortable. Sincethere are many things in life which are stressful and unfamiliar, such asapprehension of the first day on a job, first day at a new school, or what you

Virtues Of My Life: Order, Courage, Patience :: essays research papers

Virtues of My Life Order, Courage, PatienceIn order to survive in 1996, there need to be at least approximately standardsand goals of morality in a persons life. Moral excellence is definitely hardto achieve, but is definitely something to attempt. Personally, there atomic number 18 manydistractions and obstructions the present day provides, creating a difficulty ofdirection in my own life. I need to overcome obstacles such as peer pressure inorder to become a confident, successful person. The present day providesimpediments which I believe I can overcome by way of morality and virtue. Order,courage, patience, and faith are all virtues essential for personal achievementin my life.     The first virtue I clear chosen is order. In agreement with Russell Kirk,I also believe that "order is the path we follow, or the pattern by which welive with purpose and meaning." Order is something that directs in oureveryday lives, a working condition we cannot live w ithout. Without order thereis bedlam, and with chaos there is room for little virtue. Order is importantbecause it provides life with stability and direction. As an example of apersonal order, the school schedule which governs my academic studies is a typeof order, setting specifics of where and when I should be. Order helps in mylife if I am able and willing to create a schedule for each day, specificallystating when I should be doing what. If I can achieve order in my own life,worries and concerns will be eliminated by means of order that will easybecome habit. Russell Kirk also states, "Order is the first need of the soul.It is not possible to love what one ought to love, unless we experience someprinciples of order by which to govern ourselves." Because of the involve of oursoul, I again agree with Russell Kirk that religion, morality itself, and oureveryday feelings are derivatives of order. Nothing can be achieved withoutsome sort of order, but we must first recogn ize that the things we desire can beachieved only by gaining order. Order is truly the first need of human life.     Courage is the second virtue I have chosen. Courage is a virtue neededto conquer fear or despair. The virtue of courage is important because it canbe applied in legion(predicate) situations. If people possess courage, they can bestrong and stable in situations where they might feel uncomfortable. Sincethere are many things in life which are stressful and unfamiliar, such asapprehension of the first day on a job, first day at a new school, or what you

Can One Be Moral and Not Believe In God Essay

Can One Be Moral and Not conceptualize In graven image?Is it possible for an individual to rattling morally without believing in God? For soul who believes in God this may be a difficult question to answer. Whereas, someone who does not believe in God might immediately say that having morals has nothing to do with religion.So, to answer this question, we exit look at what it means to have morals, compare the views of an Atheist and a Catholic, and look how ethics plays a role in answering this question. In the end, we volition see that it is not necessary to believe in a high office to perish morally.According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, a moral is defined as concerning or relating to what is salutary and wrong in human behavior (2013). For many years it has been debated on what it means to have morals. Some believe that a higher(prenominal) power such as God set forth rules or guidelines as to how to live morally. Others believe that people do not need a higher po wer to larn how one should behave in life. Ultimately, the answer lies in apiece individual and their guessing, and each answer may vary.However, on that point is a ordinary understanding of what is right and wrong. Everyone could agree that it is wrong to commit murder. We could all agree that we should treat others with the level of respect that we wish to receive. But where did the underlying rules of morals set about from?Whether a person is religious or not, each person could agree on the concept of the Golden Rule. According to Mosser (2010), the best-known version spots from the Christian book of account Do unto others as you would have them do unto you (Sec. 2.1, Para. 19). Simply put, do not do something to someone else that you would you not want them doing to you.If you do not wantsomeone to cheat off your test, do not cheat off someone elses test. If you do not want your signifi stubt other to cheat on you, you should not cheat on them. No matter what background people may have, we flowerpot all come up with the same conclusion that thither are good and bad actions. But how does each persons background effect their understanding of what is moral?Someone with a religious background, such as a Catholic, will tell you that God laid out the rules of what it means to have morals. Cynthia Stewart (n.a.) states, Catholics see the Ten Commandments found in the Hebrew scriptures as the basic groundwork for moral action, which together with the life of Jesus provide a deep and abiding understanding for how to act with love and honourableice in the world (Para. 3). The Ten Commandments are typically thought of when determining what God considers to be sins.Catholics believe that how an individual behaves here on Earth will determine what they are to expect in the aft(prenominal)life. If you live a life filled with love of God and his children, you will obtain eternal happiness in heaven. However, if you live a life of evil actions and choices you will be punished by going to hell.On the other hand there are the nonbelievers, such as Atheists, who do not believe in a God. According to Walters (2010), philosophical atheists put a high premium on reason, insisting that a rejection of God-belief moldiness be based on the same judicious scrutiny of available evidence and arguments called for in examining any claim (p. 12, Para. 3). Some people are just raised not to believe in this higher power, others may have had a bad religious experience which led them to this understanding.For these individuals they look at the event at hand and determine through logical thinking and reason what they must do in life. They do not look to a higher power to decipher what they should do, but look within themselves and what is expected of them from their community. For example, if an Atheist sees someone steal something from an individual and run down the road, they may run after the culprit because they have a sense of duty to do what is right. Now that we have seen two different points of view, we must hence consider how ethics can determine if someone can live a moral life with or withoutthe belief in God. Ethics is the way an individual justifies their decision on what is means to have morals.Lawler (2013) states, Contemporary ethics takes three normative approaches to determining the morality of an action (1) the utilitarian approach, which gauges morality by utility (2) the deontological approach, which emphasizes rules, obligations, and duties and (3) the new virtue-ethical approach, which gives antecedency not to the actions of the agents but to their personal characters formed in their respective moral communities and learned through the imitation of the respected role models in those communities (p. 443, Para. 2).Which view each individual will agree with will drastically vary. Each approach has integrity and will serve the same purpose in determining what is right from wrong. The difference is in the approach, whether by utility, rules, or an individuals actions. However, even though these views may come up with the same conclusion, which is the best ethical constitution?The ethical system that works best for me is the virtue-ethical approach of which focuses on the individual. Adults have an obligation to raise children to be responsible and respectable so that they can then teach the next generation and so on. However, as individuals we can only take responsibility for our own actions. According to McCloskey (2008) there are seven virtues of which can be rearranged and combined in order to determine if one is virtuous courage, temperance, justice, prudence, faith, hope, and love (p.46, Para. 4).After reviewing multiple ways that one can merge these virtues together, I have determined that one does not necessarily need every single one of these to be considered virtuous. For someone who believes in God, they may very swell combine faith with courage, and take the belief that their cour age comes from God. Someone who is a non-believer may unite courage with prudence. Each person would still be considered virtuous. Because any persons views can be used is the ethical system it shows that this system can be used universally between religious and non-religious beliefs.To understand all of what we have reviewed thus far, let us look at Heather the Catholic and Mary the Atheist. Both people drive down the same road every day to go to work. They both see a man on the side of the road withthe sign pleading for money. Both catch and give the man some money to help him get through the day. Why do they do it? Heather was raised Catholic and was taught that when you see someone in need the right thing to do is to help. She believes that helping others will get her to heaven.On the other hand, we have Mary who is an atheist. She stopped to give the unknown money because she likes the good feeling she gets when helping someone. She does not rely on the thought of a God look ing down on her, judging her actions for what is to come in her afterlife. So, would it be correct in saying that both individuals can be viewed as having morals?Some people who are strongly influenced by their religion may say that morality can only come from believing in a God. Without the moral rules set forth by God there is no reason to live in such a way.They may argue that without God-driven morals, there is no reason to believe that stealing is wrong. If there is no punishment by a higher power, then there are no rules to follow. However, there belief or argument is that there is in fact punishment in the afterlife for actions taken in this life. That judgment is determined by God, so therefore God does exist and one should live a life according to the rules he gave us.

Saint George And The Dragon

This oil photo on canvass was created in 1470 by Paolo Uccello (whose real name is Paolo di Dono), an Italian artist. The subject of the painting is the story of reverence George as he overpowers and slays the dragon that has been a menace and a fright to the citizens of the city. As Saint George kills the dragon, the Libyan Princess was saved. The painting illustrated a blank space that is 3-dimensonal. Uccello effectively applies his skill in linear perspective.He has likewise decorated his pattern beautifully and colorfully. This can be clearly seen on the wings of the dragon. utilize the canvas as a medium demonstrated the renaissance characteristic of the work of Uccello (which is the Italian word for bird), as he and his work belonged to that flow of rebirth. Just like the way he has varicolored Saint George and the Dragon, the canvas vividly tells a story and thus a rational approach to the work.The characters painted in the story are presented to be elegant, beautiful a nd graceful. The lighting that is illustrated in the painting is not real but created for purposes of highlighting the story and not ineluctably the reality of how and when the story happened. Saint George and the Dragons linear perspective is a semblance of old Gothic technique in painting. The skill was a challenge that renaissance artists like Uccello faced.He illustrated his paintings that convince illusion of the way our world looks. This then signified the temperament of artists in the Renaissance such as a sense of independence the utilization of subjects of secular in nature as the object of the art and the freedom of the individual style. Therefore, Paolo Uccello indeed illustrated in Saint George and the Dragon what is significant in the story as he emphasizes what is specific and at the same time, subtle ability of his imagination.

In Howards End, Forster is very much on the side of women, and unfair to male characters

Edward Morgan Forster was born in 1879 in London. His father died before he was born and subsequently it was women who brought him up, his mother and great-aunt Marianne Thornton. Foster spent his childhood largely in the effeminate company and in their sheltering presence, who no doubt gave him association of how women were perceived and where their role was in the society. It was his aunt who left Forster a legacy of eight thousand pounds, a con postrable sum in those days when store that Marg bet Schlegel lives very well on six hundred a year. The inheritance from his aunt enabled him to write in independence and security.It is thitherfore unsurprising that Forster held a juicy opinion of women, and being brought up by them, not surprising that he would take their facial expression. Forster exposes the constructed nature of gender and his own ambivalent relationship to traits coded masculine and feminine in his culture. However, there is substantial evidence to suggest that F orster was deeply troubled and preoccupied by his own gender identity in this period. This may be reason for Forster to side with women in the play. Forster uses Margaret as the central character in the novel and the most completely drawn.Through certain parts of the novel, the narration seems to vacillate between Margaret and Forster. This shows that Forster is practically more skyd to take the side of women rather than men. She is the centre of consciousness in nearly every scene. In chapter two Forster sums her up and sums up the run of her fascination she has a profound vivacity, a continual and sincere response to all that she encountered in her path through life. Forster seems to be always able to devise to the challenge of that description. Helen has a lot in common with Margaret.We are told that she is much more beautiful than Margaret as well as being more impulsive, sublime and uncompromising. Helen is a character who is rather apt to entice people, and, in enticing t hem, to be herself enticed. Forster presents Helen as an imaginative character although she often talks without thinking. Helens responses to life are intense, excitable and exaggerated. The difference presented by Forster is that men view life as a conquest to gain materialistic pleasure, which although may be enjoyed presently, they are not able to take theses pleasures with them.Women differ, as Helen states in chapter twenty-seven, that money is not an end to all means, and that life is more about emotional conquest. However this is easy for Helen to speculate as she is set up for life with inheritance money. Therefore, money should not be an issue to Helen, which is proved when she tries to offer Leonard five thousand pounds. Forsters central resister between man and woman seems to be played out by Henry and Margaret, in which it is blatantly obvious that Forster sides with Margaret. This can be seen in the conference on the levels of stomachs. Margaret recognizes that ours is a female house.It must be feminine and all we can do is see that it isnt effeminate. Just as another house I can mention, but I wont, sound irrevocably masculine, and all its inmates can do is see that it isnt brutal. Through Margaret Schlegel, the traditional terms of masculinity and muliebrity are scrutinized and are subjected to the demands of higher integration. Margarets point of view is ultimately not representative of a view that might be coded as essentially female or feminine. Forster is sensitive both to the essentialist conceptions of the female and the social coding of feminism.Margaret is much the voice of Forster when speaking and underlines Forster opinions of women and the fact that he is very much on their side throughout debate and speeches in the novel. In conclusion, in my opinion, the fact that Forster was troubled by his own sexuality and the fact he was a homosexual would incline him to take the views of women. This is also propelled by the fact that his upbringing was done only by women in the form of his mother and his aunt. Forsters inheritance ensured he would not let to labor in order to educate himself, so in fact may never of had much contact with the real world.

Jose Rizal Essay

I. IntroductionJose rizal and andress bonifacio, ever heard of those name? what about their contribution and sacrifices for you as a Filipino? have you heard/know something about it? two people with the same desire and love for the soil but has different beliefs and ways on getting their wants. Two people who came from the past and lived a greatest mark on the history of our nation, a men who awaken the desire of each indios in acquiring the freedom that was taken away from them for almost 300 years. Jose rizal was known from existence the national hero of the Philippines.Who wouldnt know about him? He was in every history book of phil. Same as bonifacio. They both sacrifice their lives to prove how much they love their country and for their desire to see the Philippines as a country having its own freedom and sovereignity. This research paper will tackle the nationalistic movement of jose rizal and andress abonifacio. II. Jose Rizal and his Nationalistic MovementJose Rizal felt so guilty in Spaniards of being harsh and abusing Filipino people. Rizal form a organization called propaganda movement. The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural organization formed in 1872 by Jose Rizal. The aim of the propaganda movement was a peaceful assimilation, referring to the transition of the Philippines from being a colony to a province of Spain. These reforms were as follows equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes secularization of the Philippine parishes and theexpulsion of the friars, and human rights for Filipinos, such as freedom of speech. Freedom of the press and freedom to meet and petition for redress of grievances.Those who mating this peaceful campaign were the Filipino exiles of 1872, the patriots who left the islands to escape persecution, and those who had been to Spain for their studies. Another Movent of Jose Rizal is The La Liga Filipina. social background is i llumined and concretely defined by individual acts of intervention, such as Rizals novels, without which society and the physical world remain indifferent. We need this dialectical approach to comprehend in a more all-encompassing way Rizals vexed and vexing situation, together with his painstakingly calculated responsesall cunning ruses of Reason in history (for Hegel). Such ruses actually register the contradictions of social forces in real life, reflected in the crises of lives in each generation.The substantial biographies of Rizalfrom Austin Craig to Rafael Palma, Leon Maria Guerrero to Austin Coatesall attempted to triangulate the ideas of the hero with his varying positions in his family, in the circle of his friends and colleagues in Europe, and in relation to the colonial Establishment. Their main concern is to find out the origin of the heros thoughts and their impact on the local environment. But the twin errors of contemplative objectivism and individualist bias persist ed in vitiating their accounts. They ignored the historical-materialist axiom that the changing of circumstances and of personal sensibility/minds, as Marx advised, can be conceived and rationally understood only as revolutionary practicethat is, sensuous collective praxis in material life.In Palmas biography, for example, the novelty of Rizals project of the Liga Filipina became simply a means to defray the expenses of the colonization of Borneo (1949, 202 see Zaide and Zaide 1984). In reality, the Liga is the chief emblematic index of that transformative praxis fusing personal experience and butt circumstances. It is the crucible marking the failure of La Solidaridad reformism and the transition to the stage of popular mobilization mediated by the rising organic intellectuals of the dispossessed, in particular Andres Bonifacio, Jacinto, and others. Rizals radicalizing agenda was already distilled in his bold testimony of communicative action, the eloquent Letter to the Women of M alolos(more later), and articulated in the two letters dated June 20, 1892, letters whose ring andvalue canperhaps be compared only to St. Pauls epistles to the early converts of the faith.By all accounts, the formation of the Liga is the key event marking Rizals saltation from intellectual gradualism to collective separatism. Before his exile to Dapitan in 1892, Rizal met with members of the Masonic Balagtas Lodge in the home of Doroteo Onjungco, including Ambrosio Salvador, Timoteo Paez, Pedro Serrano, Domingo Franco, and, last but not least, Andres Bonifacio, who was then not clear-cut from the crowd of about thirty individuals.After Governor Despujol decreed Rizals banishment, the Liga members met secretly in the Azcarraga apartment of Deodato Arellano, among them Andres Bonifacio and Gregorio Del Pilar, who later died fighting American troops move the fleeing Aguinaldo headed for Palanan (Palma 1949, 225). That historic gathering of seven persons signaled the launching of t he Katipunan, The organization of sons of the people committed to overthrowing Spanish colonial tyranny.Referenceshttp//reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/philippines/philippines20.html http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_Movementhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_nationalism

Marketing Metrics Answers

mensurables Mastery Worksheets be designed to be in class exercises that your students can work on in class. This is a grasp document that provides all worksheets psyches and answers. You can modify or change it as needed in order to prep are one page two sided exercises for your students to contribute out in class. You can also easily turn the answers into powerpoint slides to review the answers in class. Table of Contents Worksheet Metric 1 Expense Types2 Worksheet Metric 2 Percentage Change5 Worksheet Metric 3 market place fate & Market Analytics8 Worksheet Metric 4 percentage adjustment11Worksheet Metric 5 Mark-up & strand14 Worksheet Metric 6 Pricing wholesale to Retail17 Worksheet Metric 7 Break-Even20 Worksheet Metric 8 Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI)23 Worksheet Metric 1 Expense Types 1) The homely Chair Company makes reclining hold ins at its plant and sells them exclusively through its own retail store. It has the following expenses Plant rent and taxes = $12,000. 00 Office and management expenses = $220,000. 00 Machinery and equipment purchased = $ light speed,000. 00 Direct materials = $27. 00/ tone down Direct labour = 4 hours/chair $14. 00/hour Transportation = $5. 0/chair Commercial store front building block purchase = $500,000. 00 Advertising be = $century,000. 00 gross gross sales staff reward before commissions = $250,000. 00 Commission = $12. 00/chair a) sepa govern the Comfy Chair Companys inconstant appeals. b) What is the total cost to produce and sell each reclining chair? c) Identify the Comfy Chair Companys headstrong be. d) What are the total fixed costs? e) Identify the one-time fixed costs incurred by the Comfy Chair Company. f) What are the total one-time fixed costs? dish out (a)Direct materials = $27. 00/chair Direct labour = 4 hours/chair $14. 0/hour Transportation = $5. 00/chair Commission = $12. 00/chair (b)$ snow. 00/chair (c)Plant rent and taxes = $12,000. 00 Office and management expenses = $ 220,000. 00 Advertising costs = $ speed of light,000. 00 cut-rate sales staff wages = $250,000. 00 (d)$582,000. 00 (e)Machinery and equipment purchased = $100,000. 00 Commercial store front unit = $500,000. 00 (f)$600,000. 00 2) Thompson Toi allowries, Inc. has developed an addition to its mens cologne line tentatively branded Ode dToad Cologne. It costs 45 cents to produce each 60mL feeding bottle, and heavy publicize expenditures in the first year would cost $900,000.Ode dToad Cologne is tolld at $7. 50 for a 60mL bottle. a) What is the variable cost per unit to produce a bottle of Ode dToad? b) What are the total fixed costs to produce and sell Ode dToad? serve up (a)Variable cost per unit = $0. 45 (b)Total fixed costs = $900,000 3) Executives of Radical Recordings Ltd. produced an album entitled Sunshine/Moonshine by the Starshine Sisters resound. The cost and price information was as follows Album run $1. 00 Songwriters royalties $0. 0 Recording artists royalties $0. 70 Direct material and labour costs to produce each album $1. 00 be of producing the album (studio fee, advertising, promotional$100,000. 00 expenses, etc) Selling price $7. 00 ) Identify the variable costs, and amounts, that go into producing each album b) Identify the fixed costs, and amount, for producing the album Answer a) Variable costs Album mask$1. 00 Songwriters royalties$0. 30 Recording artists royalties$0. 70 Direct material and labout$1. 00 Total Variable make up per social unit$3. 00 b) Fixed costs Cost of producing the album = Total Fixed Costs = $100,000. 00 4) You are the owner of a prompt agency that sells trips to university students. You are creating a package to sell an nightlong trip to Blue Mountain. Identify the fixed and variable costs associated with the package ased on the information below. After identifying the costs, take care the total cost based on 3 full busses of students. The package go away include ski lift tatters, access to a VIP pa rty and one nights hotel accommodation. It will cost you $300 to print 1,000 full colour posters and some other $400 to purchase party supplies for the VIP society. Each room costs $80 per night, with quaternary people per room. A bus holds 40 people and the bus company will charge you $500 per bus. The ski hill is offering you a point of $20 per ski lift pass. You also know that you need to purchase a ? page ad in the campus paper at a cost of $100 per week for 6 weeks. Variable Costs Total Fixed Costs Total (description & social unit Cost) (Description) Busses ($500/bus) $1500 Posters $300 Hotel Rooms ($80/room) $2400 Party Supplies $400 Ski lift passes ($20/pass) $2400 Newspaper ad ($100/wk) $600 Total Variable Costs $6300 Total Fixed Costs $1300 Worksheet Metric 2 Percentage Change 1) Eds is a small deli, which has had great success in its second year of operation. taxations in grade 2 are $570,000, compared with $380,000 in course of instruction 1 . What is Eds year-over-year sales growth value? Answer socio-economic class-over- form Sales harvest-tide = (Year 2 Year 1) / Year 1 * 100% = ($570,000 $380,000) / $380,000 * 100% = 50% 2) A pair of jeans that normally sells for $75 is marked down 30% and thence reduced at the cash register another 10%?Is this a total decrement of 40%? If not, what is the percent reduction? Answer Let determine 1 be the initial price of $75, let determine 2 be the price after the 30% mark down, and set 3 be the price after additional 10% reduction at the cash register. Initial decline = -30% = (Price 2 Price 1) / Price 1 -0. 3 = (Price 2 $75) / $75 -0. 3 * $75 = Price 2 $75 Price 2 = -0. 3 * $75 + $75 = $52. 50 Second Reduction = -10% = (Price 3 Price 2) / Price 2 -0. 1 = (Price 3 $52. 50) / $52. 50 -0. 1 * $52. 50 = Price 3 $52. 50 Price 3 = -0. 1 * $52. 50 + $52. 50 = $47. 25 Total Percent Reduction = (Price 3 Price 1) / Price 1 * 100% = ($47. 5 $75) / $75 * 100% = 37% 3) A smal l retain chain posts impressive circumstances growth figures, moving from $58 million to $107 million in sales from one year to the next. Despite this dynamic growth, however, analysts cast doubt on the familys business model, warning that its existing stores growth measure suggests that its concept is failing. found on the chart below, and assuming that stores were opened on the first twenty-four hour period of Years 1 and 2 What is the retail chains year-over-year sales growth rate? What is the year-over-year sales growth or decrease for each store, as appropriate? What is the same store (existing and not expansion) year-over-year growth? memory Opened R steadyue Year 1 (millions) gross Year 2 (millions) A Year 1 $10 $9 B Year 1 $19 $20 C Year 1 $20 $15 D Year 1 $9 $11 E Year 2 n/a $15 F Year 2 n/a $12 G Year 2 n/a $7 H Year 2 n/a $18 $58 $107 AnswerChain-wide Year-over-Year Sales Growth = (Year 2 Year 1) / Year 1 * 100% = ($107 $58) / $58 = 84. 5% Store A Ye ar-over-Year Sales = (Year 2 Year 1) / Year 1 * 100% = ($9 $10) / $10 = -10% Store B Year-over-Year Sales = (Year 2 Year 1) / Year 1 * 100% = ($20 $19) / $19 = 5. 26% Store C Year-over-Year Sales = (Year 2 Year 1) / Year 1 * 100% = ($15 $20) / $20 = -25% Store D Year-over-Year Sales = (Year 2 Year 1) / Year 1 * 100% = ($11 $9) / $9 = 22. 22% Same Store Sales Year 1 = $10 + $19 + $20 + $9 = $58 million Same Store Sales Year 2 = $9 + $20 + $15 + $11 = $55 million Same Store Year-over-Year Growth = (Year 2 Year 1) / Year 1 * 100% = ($55 $58) / $58 = 5. 17% ) Do you agree with the analysts position regarding the retail chain in question 3, wherefore or why not? If you were the owner of the retail chain would you continue to open stores? If not what would you do? Answer Agree with the analysts. Existing stores sales decreased from Year 1 to Year 2 growth declined 5. 17%. I would not continue to open stores. I would address the decline in revenue / find out why the stores ha ve negative growth in year 2. Worksheet Metric 3 Market Share & Market Analytics implement the industry overview below to answer the questions that follow Mobile Phones in the unit of measuremented States The mobile speech sound market in the wholeed States covers the sales of mobile phone devices, smart phones, and PDAs (personal digital assistants).Table X below provides the annual sales volume of mobile phones from 2004 to 2009. Table XX details the market share of the top handset producers. Table 1 US Mobile Phones Sales Volume & Value 2004-2009 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 000 units 66,556. 1 87,543. 1 110,228. 1 120,629. 4 130,309. 9 134,673. 5 US$ bn 4. 1 5. 4 6. 9 8. 3 10. 1 10. 6 Table 2 Mobile Phones Company Shares 2005-2009 % retail revenue share 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Samsung America Inc 15. 7 15. 1 17. 3 22. 1 25. 4 L. G. Electronics USA 15. 9 16. 5 15. 2 20. 6 21. 5 Motorola Inc 30. 4 34. 8 33. 5 22. 8 16. 4 Kyocera outside(a) Inc 5. 4 4. 9 4. 0 9. 2 9. 9 Research in Motion Ltd 0. 7 1. 1 2. 6. 0 9. 0 Apple Inc - - - 4. 9 7. 4 Nokia building blocked States 15. 4 18. 1 12. 5 7. 5 6. 5 Sanyo North America Corp 4. 3 4. 2 4. 5 - - Apple Computer Inc - - 1. 4 - - early(a)s 12. 1 5. 9. 0 6. 9 3. 8 Total 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1) What is the annual 2009 revenue in dollars of the top 4 mobile phone companies? Answer tax revenue Market Share (%) = Revenue ($) / Total Market Sales Revenue ($) Revenue ($) = Revenue Market Share (%) * Total Market Sales Revenue ($) Samsung America Inc Revenue = 25. 4% * $10. 6 zillion = 0. 254 * $10. 6 billion = $2. 6924 billion L. G. Electronics USA Revenue = 21. 5% * $10. 6 billion = 0. 215 * $10. 6 billion = $2. 279 billionMotorola Inc Revenue = 16. 4% * $10. 6 billion = 0. 164 * $10. 6 billion = $1. 7384 billion Kyocera International Inc Revenue = 9. 9% * $10. 6 billion = 0. 099 * $10. 6 billion = $1. 0494 billion 2) If the performance of the US mobile phone market is expected to c ontinue to grow from 2009 to 2012 at a rate of 5% per year, what will the size of the market be by the end of 2012? Answer Revenue 2009 = $10. 6 billion Revenue 2010 = Revenue 2009 + 5% * Revenue 2009 = $10. 6 billion + 0. 05 * $10. 6 billion = $10. 6 billion + $0. 53 billion = $ 11. 13 billion Revenue 2011 = Revenue 2010 + 5% * Revenue 2010 = $11. 13 billion + 0. 05 * $11. 13 billion = $11. 3 billion + $0. 5565 billion = $11. 6865 billion Revenue 2012 = Revenue 2011 + 5% * Revenue 2011 = $11. 6865 billion + 0. 05 * $11. 6865 billion = $11. 6865 billion + $0. 584325 billion = $12. 270825 billion = $12. 271 billion 3) gigantic retail chains form a leading distribution channel in the US mobile phone market, account statement for 28% of the total value in 2009. In comparison, wireless service providers account for 23%, independent retail merchants 15%, and other sources account for 32%. Based on the 2009 revenues for the mobile phone market in the US, what is the share of revenue in dollars for each of the different distribution channels? AnswerRevenue Market Share (%) = Revenue ($) / Total Market Sales Revenue ($) Revenue ($) = Revenue Market Share (%) * Total Market Sales Revenue ($) super Retail Chains Revenue = 28% * $10. 6 billion = 0. 28 * $10. 6 billion = $2. 968 billion Wireless Service Providers Revenue = 23% * $10. 6 billion = 0. 23 * $10. 6 billion = $2. 438 billion Independent retail merchants Revenue = 15% * $10. 6 billion = 0. 15 * $10. 6 billion = $1. 590 billion Other Revenue = 32% * $10. 6 billion = 0. 32 * $10. 6 billion = $3. 392 billion 4) take the Three immobile Concentration Ratio and the Herfindahl Index for the US Mobile Phone market (using 2009 market share values).What can you infer about the market concentration from these two metrics? Answer Three Firm Concentration Ratio = 25. 4% + 21. 5% + 16. 4% = 63. 3% Herfindahl Index = Sum (market share)(2 = Sum (. 254(2 + . 215(2 + . 164(2 + . 099(2 + . 090(2 + .074(2 + . 065(2 + . 038(2 ) = 0. 167 With the top 3 companies accounting for 63. 3% of the market and a Herfindahl Index of 0. 167 the market is not highly concentrated. 5) You have just become the Director of Retail Sales for a large US retail chain. What stir will the growing sales of mobile phones have on your business? Answer With a 5% ontogeny per year, impact will be minor. Large retail chains sell thousands of crossways. There will likely be a similar make up in related products, such as chargers, skins, cases, travel chargers, prepaid phone cards, etc. There may be a need to increase inventory levels and shelf space devoted to mobile phones and related products There may be a slight increase in consumer flow into stores, which would affect cross and upselling other products to consumers walking in for mobile phones. Worksheet Metric 4 Contribution Margin 1) Mohan, an artist, draws caricatures on the waterfront pier. It costs him approximately $5 in materials (paper and markers) for each carica ture he makes. He sells each caricature for $20. Calculate the part valuation reserve in terms of dollars and percent. Answer Contribution Margin ($) = Revenue COGS = $20 $5 = $15Contribution Margin (%) = Contribution per Unit ($) / Sale Price per Unit ($) * 100% = (Sale Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit) / Sale Price per Unit *100% = ($20 $5) / $20 * 100% = $15 / $20 * 100% = 0. 75 * 100% = 75% 2) The Hotel Grill Bar sells a set lunch for $12. The food cost of sales used in producing each set lunch is $5. Additional variable costs are $3 per lunch. The fixed costs of the restaurant are $3 per meal. What is the contribution permissiveness expressed in dollars and percent? Variable Expenses = $5 + $3 = $8 Contribution Margin ($) = Revenue Variable Expense = $12 $8 = $4Contribution Margin (%) = Contribution per Unit ($) / Sale Price per Unit ($) * 100% = (Sale Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit) / Sale Price per Unit * 100% = ($12 $8) / $12 * 100% = $4 / $12 * 100% = 0. 33 * 100% = 33. 3% 3) You are an online retail merchant of CDs, promoting sales via a no postage and packaging offer. You purchase your CDs from record companies for $18. 75. Packaging and a padded envelope cost $1. 00 per CD and postage is $2. 00. If you sell the CDs for $25 what is your contribution perimeter in dollars and percent? Variable Expenses = $18. 75 + $1. 00 + $2. 00 = $21. 75Contribution Margin ($) = Revenue Variable Expense = $25 $21. 75 = $3. 25 Contribution Margin (%) = Contribution per Unit ($) / Sale Price per Unit ($) * 100% = (Sale Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit) / Sale Price per Unit * 100% = ($25 $21. 75) / $25 * 100% = $3. 25 / $25 * 100% = 0. 13 * 100% = 13% 4) You are the owner of an exclusive night niner that is considering holding a New Years Eve party. You have determined that you need a minimum contribution gross profit curse of 40% in order to turn a sugar for a single night event at your club.Additionally, in hosting all-you-can-e at and all-you-can-drink events in the past, you know that the food cost is $20 per person and the beverage cost is $17 per person. Finally, the house band charges a fee of $5 per person in attendance. What should you charge for a ticket? Answer Variable Expenses = Food + Beverage + Band = $20 + $17 + $5 = $42 Contribution Margin (%) = Contribution per Unit ($) / Sale Price per Unit ($)* 100% = (Sale Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit) / Sale Price per Unit * 100% 40% = (Sale Price per Unit $42) / Sale Price per Unit * 100% 0. 0 * Sale Price per Unit = Sale Price per Unit $42 $42 = Sale Price per Unit 0. 4 * Sale Price per Unit $42 = (1 0. 4) * Sale Price Per Unit Sale Price per Unit = $42 / 0. 6 Sale Price per Unit = $70 5) As the owner of the nightclub in question 4, you learn that a neighbouring nightclub is selling tickets for their New Years Eve party at $60/ticket, which is making your event less attractive. Should you lower your ticket price to match theirs given the variable costs in question 4 and knowing that your fixed costs will be $20/person? If not, why not and what might you do to increase tickets sales? Answer No. The nightclub would lose $2 per ticket change if they matched the neighbouring clubs price.To increase sales Reduce ticket price and reduce variable costs (lower priced food, drink, band) Ensure that event is differentiated in a way that justifies the premium ticket price Perhaps the other club is not offering all-you-can-eat or all-you-can-drink, or the band is not as well-known, if thats the case, ensure that your potential customers are aware of the differences Worksheet Metric 5 Mark-up & Margin 1) A ready reckoner software retailer uses a markup rate of 40%. If the retailer pays $25 each for computer games sold in its stores, how much do the games sell for? Answer The markup is 40% of the $25 cost, so the markup is (0. 0) * ($25) = $10 Then the selling price, being the cost positive(p) markup, is $25 + $10 = $35 The refore the games sell for $35. 2) A golf pro shop pays its wholesaler $40 for a certain club, and then sells that club to golfers for $75. What is the retail markup rate? Answer The gross dough in dollars is calculated as sales price less cost $75 $40 = $35 The markup rate is then calculated Markup (%) = Gross Profit / Cost *100 = $35 / $40 *100 = 87. 5% 3) A shoe store uses a 40% markup on cost. Find the cost of a pair of shoes that sells for $63. Answer The cost of the shoes is calculated as follows Selling Price = Cost + Markup ($) Cost + (Markup (%) * Cost) $63 = Cost + (40% * Cost) $63 = Cost + (0. 4 * Cost) $63 = (1 + 0. 4) * Cost $63 = 1. 4 * Cost Cost = $63 / 1. 4 = $45 4) In 2009, Donna Manufacturing sold 100,000 widgets for $5 each, with a cost of goods sold of $2. What is the companys margin? Identify a way that Donna Manufacturing can increase its profit margin? Answer First we have to calculate the gross profit Gross Profit = Selling Price Cost of Goods Sold = $5 $2 = $3 Now we can calculate the margin Margin (%) = Gross Profit / Sales * 100 = $3 / $5 * 100 = 60% ship canal to increase the profit margin Decrease cost of material Decrease cost of manufacturing Increase sales price per unit Decrease COGS 5) If a product costs $100 and is sold with a 25% markup at a retail store, what would be the retailers margin on the product? What should be the markup and selling price if the retailer desires a 25% margin? Why might the retailer be seeking to increase their margin? Answer a) To calculate the margin, we first have to determine the sales price Markup ($) = Markup (%) * Cost = 25% * $100 = $25 Selling Price = Cost + Markup ($) = $100 + $25 = $ one hundred twenty-five Margin (%) = Markup / Price * 100 = $25 / $125 * 100 = 20% Therefore the retailers margin would be 20% when the product is sold at a 25% markup. ) To calculate the markup and selling price at a 25% margin Selling Price = Cost / (1 Margin (%)) = $100 / (1 25%) = $100 / (1 0. 25 ) = $133. 33 Markup ($) = Selling Price Cost = $133. 33 $100 = $33. 33 Markup (%) = Markup ($) / Cost * 100 = $33. 33 / $100 * 100 = 33. 33% Therefore to obtain 25% margins, the product would have to be sold at $133. 33 with a markup of 33. 33%. c) Reasons for increase include Increase in fixed costs (rent, tax, commission, wages, etc. ) Increase in demand and/or decrease in supply Other competitors/retailers charge to a greater extent for the product and the higher(prenominal) margin is a result of increasing sales price to match Worksheet Metric 6 Pricing sweeping to Retail ) You are a manufacturer of widgets that sells your products to a wholesaler who in turn sells directly to retailers. You have developed a new widget and you know that your competitions product retails for $23 in hardware stores. You know yours is slightly better, and are pretty sure your product could sell for $27. Assuming a retail margin of 33. 3% and a wholesale margin of 25%, what is the wholesalers s elling price, and how much can you sell the widgets to the wholesaler for? Answer If the suggested retail price of the widget is $27, then Wholesaler Selling Price ($) = Retail Selling Price * 1 Retail Margin (%) = $27 * (1 33. 3%) $27 * (1 0. 333) = $18. 00 Manufacturer Selling Price = Wholesale Selling Price * 1 Wholesale Margin = $18. 00 * (1 25%) = $18. 00 * (1 0. 25) = $13. 50 2) As a small appliance manufacturer, your cost to manufacture and package your coffee maker is $10/unit. You want this to be a cash cow, so you decide to sell the coffee maker to your wholesaler for $19/unit. You know that the wholesalers margin is 25%, and that retailers typically take 33. 3% margins on small appliances. What will your coffee maker retail for rounded to the nearest whole number? Answer Manufacturer Selling Price = Wholesale Selling Price * 1 Wholesale MarginWholesale Selling Price = Manufacturer Selling Price / 1 Wholesale Margin = $19 / (1 25%) = $19 / (1 0. 25) = $25. 33 Who lesale Selling Price = Retail Selling Price * 1 Retail Margin Retail Selling Price = Wholesale Selling Price / 1 Retail Margin = $$25. 33 / (1 33. 3%) = $25. 33 / (1 0. 333) = $37. 98 Therefore the coffee maker will retail for $38. 00 3) A bearing manufacturer buys raw materials for $0. 50 per unit, turns the raw materials into a roller bearing, and then sells the bearings to a wholesaler for $1. 00 per unit. The wholesaler then sells the bearings to retailers for $2. 00 per unit, and finally consumers buy the bearings for $3. 00 per unit.What is the per unit margin in dollars for the manufacturer, wholesaler and retailer? What is the percentage margin for the manufacturer, wholesaler and retailer? What is the per unit margin in dollars and percentage margin for the entire chain? Answer (a) Manufacturer margin ($) = $1. 00 $0. 50 = $0. 50 Wholesaler margin ($) = $2. 00 $1. 00 = $1. 00 Retailer margin ($) = $3. 00 $2. 00 = $1. 00 (b)Manufacturer margin (%) = $0. 50 / $1. 00 * 100 = 50% Wholesaler margin (%) = $1. 00 / $2. 00 * 100 = 50% Retailer margin (%) = $1. 00 / $3. 00 * 100 = 33. 3% (c)Chain margin ($) = $3. 00 $0. 50 = $2. 50 Chain margin (%) = $2. 50 / $3. 00 * 100 = 83. 3% 4) If the raw material cost goes up by $0. 5 per unit for the bearing manufacturer in question 3, what will be the retail price charged to consumers if all members in the chain go for the same percent margin? What is the effect of the raw material increase to the consumer? Why is it important to understand channel margins and pricing practices? Answer (a) Manufacturer margin = 50% Wholesaler margin = 50% Retailer margin = 33. 3% Raw material cost = $0. 50 + $0. 25 = $0. 75 Manufacturer margin = (Price Cost) / Price * 100 50 = (Price $0. 75) / Price *100 0. 5 * Price = Price $0. 75 $0. 75 = Price 0. 5 * Price $0. 75 = Price (1 0. 5) Price = $0. 75 / 0. 5 = $1. 50 Therefore the manufacturer sells the bearings for $1. 50 Wholesaler margin = (Price Cost) / Price * 100 50 = (Price $1. 0) / Price *100 0. 5 * Price = Price $1. 50 $1. 50 = Price 0. 5 * Price $1. 50 = Price (1 0. 5) Price = $1. 50 / 0. 5 = $3. 00 Therefore the wholesaler sells the bearings for $3. 00 Retailer margin = (Price Cost) / Price * 100 33. 3 = (Price $3. 00) / Price *100 0. 333 * Price = Price $3. 00 $3. 00 = Price 0. 333 * Price $3. 00 = Price (1 0. 333) Price = $3. 00 / 0. 667 = $4. 50 Therefore the retailer sells the bearings for $4. 50 (b) The price has increased by $1. 50 to the consumer (or 50% increase). (c) To evaluate the effects of price changes within the channel to the end consumer. Worksheet Metric 7 Break-Even ) learner Mousetraps wants to know how many units of its Magic Mouse Trapper it must sell to draw even. The product sells for $20. It costs $5 per unit to make. The companys fixed costs are $30,000. Answer Break-Even Volume () = Fixed Costs ($) / Contribution per Unit ($) Contribution per Unit = Sales Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit = $20 $5 = $15 Break-Even Volume () = $30,000 / $15 = 2,000 mousetraps 2) Apprentice Mousetraps wants to know how many dollars worth of its Deluxe Mighty Mouse Trapper it must sell to break even. The product sells for $40 per unit. It costs $10 per unit to make. The companys fixed costs are $30,000. AnswerBreak-Even Revenue ($) = Fixed Costs ($) / Contribution Margin (%) Contribution Margin (%) = Contribution per Unit / Selling Price per Unit Contribution per Unit ($) = Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit = $40 $10 = $30 Contribution Margin (%) = $30 / $40 * 100 = 75% Break-Even Revenue ($) = $30,000 / 75% = $40,000 -OR- Break-Even Revenue ($) = Break-Even Volume () * Price per Unit ($) Break-Even Volume () = Fixed Costs ($) / Contribution per Unit ($) Contribution per Unit = Sales Price per Unit Variable Cost per Unit = $40 $10 = $30 Break-Even Volume () = $30,000 / $30 = 1,000 units Break-Even Revenue ($) = 1,000 * $40 = $40,000 3) Johns Clothing Store employs three salespeople.It g enerates annual sales of $1 million and an bonny contribution margin of 30%. Rent is $50,000. Each sales person costs $50,000 per year in salary and benefits. How much would sales have to increase for John to break even on hiring an additional salesperson? Answer If the additional fixed cost of a salesperson is $50,000 and with an average contribution margin of 30%, then Break-Even Revenue ($) = Fixed Costs ($) / Contribution Margin (%) = $50,000 / 30% = $166,666. 67 Therefore sales would have to increase by $166,666. 67 for John to break even on hiring an additional salesperson. 4) A corn farmer wishes to identify how many bushels of corn he must sell to cover his fixed cost at a given price.The farmer has costs consisting of $500 in real estate taxes, $700 interest on a bank loan, and $800 in other fixed expenses. The variable cost per bushel is $1, and covers labour, corn seed, herbicides and pesticides. If the price per bushel is $2, how many bushels must he sell to break even? Answer Break-Even Volume () = Fixed Costs / Contribution per Unit Fixed Costs = $500 + $700 + $800 = $2000 Contribution per Unit ($) = Price Variable Cost per Unit = $2 $1 = $1 Break-Even Volume () = $2000 / $1 = 2000 bushels 5) If the farmer in question 4 sells sole(prenominal) enough bushels to break even, what is his annual profit? Identify two ways the farmer could increase his annual profit.Answer Farmers annual profit = $0. The farmer could increase his profit by Growing more corn Increasing the price he charges per bushel Reducing his costs Pay off loan or find lower interest rate Reduce labour costs Find lower seed costs Find lower herbicide and pesticide costs Changing to a more salaried crop Find alternative use for the land that offers a better return Worksheet Metric 8 Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) 1) A marketer is evaluating two selling campaigns. It is estimated that Campaign 1 would generate incremental revenues of $250,000, at an incremental co st of $50,000 and a contribution margin of 30%.Campaign 2 would generate incremental revenues of $50,000, at an incremental cost of $20,000 and a contribution margin of 50%. If the marketer is basing their decision solely on ROMI, which campaign should they go ahead with? Answer ROMI for Campaign 1 is found by ROMICampaign1 = (Incremental Revenue * Contribution Margin Cost) / Cost = ($250,000 * 30% $50,000) / $50,000 = 50% ROMICampaign2 = (Incremental Revenue * Contribution Margin Cost) / Cost = ($50,000 * 50% $20,000) / $20,000 = 25% Therefore the marketer should select Campaign 1. 2) A clothing retailer is considering investing in a newspaper advertising campaign to generate more sales.The campaign is expected to cost $3,000 in creative agency fees and $9,000 in circulation costs, while increasing revenues from $110,000 to $170,000. The retailers contribution margin averages 25%. What would be the return on the marketing investment of the newspaper campaign? Answer Incremental Revenue = $170,000 $110,000 = $60,000 Marketing Costs = $3,000 + $9,000 = $12,000 ROMI = (Incremental Revenue * Contribution Margin Cost) / Cost = ($60,000 * 25% $12,000) / $12,000 = 25% 3) An alternative option for the clothing retailer (in the previous question) is to invest in a direct air campaign targeting previous customers only a fraction of the reach of the newspaper campaign .The cost of the direct mail campaign would be $1,000, but would only result in increasing revenues to $150,000. What is the return on marketing investment in this case? Answer Incremental Revenue = $150,000 $110,000 = $40,000 ROMI = (Incremental Revenue * Contribution Margin Cost) / Cost = ($40,000 * 25% $1,000) / $1,000 = 900% 4) If the clothing retailer (in the previous questions) decides to execute both the newspaper and direct mail campaign what would be the combined return on marketing investment. Answer Newspaper Incremental Revenue = $60,000 Direct Mail Incremental Revenue = $40,000 Tot al Incremental Revenue = $60,000 + $40,000 = $100,000 Total Cost = $12,000 + $1,000 = $13,000ROMI = (Incremental Revenue * Contribution Margin Cost) / Cost = ($100,000 * 25% $13,000) / $13,000 = 92. 31% 5) Which campaign should the clothing retailer in the previous questions execute for maximum return on marketing investment? If the retailer is more concerned with maximizing revenue growth, should they execute the newspaper campaign, direct mail campaign or both? Why? Answer a) Direct mail campaign (900% ROMI) as it is significantly greater than the newspaper campaign (25%) and combined execution (92. 31%). b) Execute both as the revenue increase is $100,000 greater than the $60,000 as a result of the newspaper campaign and the $40,000 as a result of the direct mail campaign.

Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason from “Jane Eyre” Essay

I bent forward first surprise, then bewilderment, came over methis was not Sophie, it was not Leah The puzzle out standing before me had never crossed my eyes within the precincts of Thornfield Hall beforeIts seemed, sir, a woman, tall and largeIt was a discoloured faceit was a savage face. I paying attention I could forget the roll of the red eyesthe lips were swelled and darkShall I tell you of what it reminded me? the vampire. If a person were to read this quote for the first time, his instinct would be of a stereotypical mystery or even horror book. But in fact, this comes from Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte, with a plot nothing like what one faculty think from this passage. This shows that no matter what the plot of story is in this case two peoples journey to find love, there is some mystery that keeps the reader guessing.Jane experiences several(prenominal) of Berthas crazy escapes from the attic, but is completely unaware of who or what she is. This lack of knowled ge of Janes brings in a sense of suspense and terror to the plot. Without this fear that Berthas character creates in Janes life, the story would just be another tale of love. Jane becomes more curious about the mystery hidden deep in Thornfield Hall and begins to think the person causing the mayhem is Grace Poole. The dread of Bertha produces a dark cloud over Thornfield, symbolizing the secrets kept by its residents, specifically Mr. Rochester.Bertha is a metaphor for Janes subconscious mind feeling of rage. Jane loves Rochester, but she still fears the binds that the marriage will bring. Jane never acts out on this anger or fear, but Bertha does. Bertha ripping Janes wedding veil symbolizes a secret feeling of Janes that the marriage should not go on. Jane leaves Thornfield, feeling it is now a place of imprisonment or inferiority. While she is away, Bertha burns down Thornfield, expressing what Jane could plainly feel and not carry out. Bertha is also an antithesis with Jane. They are compared to show the contrast of both. Before the reader even know who Bertha is, it is clear the she has savage-like qualities that bring out Janes office and kindness. This gives the reader more understanding into Janes character.As the story continues and Rochesters past containing Bertha is identified,similarities between Jane and Bertha are observed. They are both symbols of the socially imprisoned Victorian women. One deterrent example is their unattractiveness in the Victorian era. Bertha becomes ugly from her insanity, showing that women, including Jane, were somehow confined due to their lack of beauty. The presence of Bertha Mason in the plot strengthens the readers desire to keep interpreting and discover who the vampire is. Berthas mystery also strengthens Janes and Rochesters relationship and creates a perfect climax to one of the most read stories of the nineteenth century.

Heroes Robert Cormier Atmosphere and Mood Essay

Francis has entered LaSalles tenement with the intentions of killing LaSalle. Francis is really quick to contain the reason for his presence at Larrys tenement. Ever since Francis came back from the struggle, killing Larry is all Francis has wanted to accomplish. Say your prayers I rehearsed those words so many multiplication through the years. Straight away we cop this sense of determination within Francis. Francis has been rehearsing this moment ever since Larry raped Nicole. Hes been waiting for LaSalles take place to Frenchtown for years so that he can seek revenge. Here Cormier creates a sense of violence and tension. Ive decided to aim for the heart Francis thoughts towards Larry are quite violent and he wishes to shatter his heart the way he broke Nicoles. Francis wants nothing but revenge and intends to attain it. Cormiers use of Similes is very clever. Francis wants to do physically what Larry did to them mentally. Despite Larrys horrific character, he knows Francis ve ry well. Larry knows that no matter how angry Francis is, he will never be open to physically murder someone.Larry withdraws a pistol knowing that Francis wont be able to fulfil his mission. The pistol was a relic from the war it seems as if everything bad that happened in Francis life lies right there in that tenement. Leave me here, leaver everything here leave it all behind with me We can see how quickly the mood changes, from Francis violent words to Larrys words of comfort. Francis suddenly wants go get out of there he wants no part in Larry anymore and the aroma of the soup is sickening and the tenement is too warm. Cormier creates a rather nauseating atmosphere Larrys tenement is a place no one would want to be in. The sound of a pistol cracks the air. The theme of innocence runs throughout the whole book, just like the world innocence was tattered by the war and Nicoles innocence was shattered by Larry, Frenchtown is now also shattered by a pistol shot cracking the air.

A financial quagmire Essay

The whole foundation is in a financial quagmire. A myriad of financial woes save engulfed financial institutions and any other corporations in this domain all the world round. This financial meltdown came to the light following the collapse of Lehmann Brothers, after which this financial crunch came to be communicate in the open and by all the governments.The United States of America was at the core of this crunch. This was further modify by the fact the Bush administration was finalizing on its clench to power. A presidential election was looming and the major rivals Barack Obama and John McCain were faced with the uphill task of unveiling their plans regarding keeping the crisis at bay and mitigating the effects. Both uncover their economic plans to the American public and the public chose to go as per Mr. Obamas plans a bailout through a federal stimulus computer software (BRUNE, para 4).After his election, the recountingional Democrats in partnership with chairperson Oba ma came away with an $825 trillion dollar fiscal recovery package known to many as the Federal input Package. This would give the unemployed Americans a chance to improve their lives and ensure that each and every American faces dinky or no difficulty in dealing with the costs of living during this period. Analysts have come beforehand and allegedly claim that the effects of this crisis would be felt for the next several years. The package would be utilise on education, aid to states for Medicaid costs, increase in unemployment benefits and on an arena of public works and projects in order of battle to increase the jobs available to the public (HERSZENHORN, para 2 ).The proposal of the stimulus came under serious critical review and has become subject to a lot of intense haggling, fierce lobbying by the Republicans and its core details have come under intense negotiations. A lot of pessimism has been expressed over this stimulus. Many bear the buttoned-up notion that it will only plunge the country into deeper waters.The Americans would have to face an ugly recession, which is in its uncomparable high, and a nationwide unemployment rate of 12%. The plan, christened by the Democrats as American Recovery and Reinvestment Bill of 2009, has been President Obamas core agenda as many see it as the determining factor of the teaching of his presidency. The fact that it was one of his major campaign promises that gave him an edge over his rivals leaves him with no choice but to be more pragmatic and see to it that this succeeds.A breakdown of the package includes $87 billion towards the aid to states for Medicaid costs, $79 billion for colleges and local public schools to avoid cutbacks, $90 billion for infrastructure, $54 billion to push for the takings of energy from renewable sources, $10 for science and research, $6 billion for enhancement of broadband services in rural areas, $13 billion for the disabled students, $1 billion towards technology enhanceme nt and $43 billion to extend jobless benefits and retraining to name but just a few. Though viewed by critics as a step of misplaced ambitions and misdirected energy, it is a major leap and a good example of manner of walking the talk rather than sitting back to let nature take its course (HERSZENHORN, para 8). economic experts are quick to add that though the stimulus is huge, it is not close to enough in stabilizing the economy of the United States of America. This is the highest amount of bailout that a single government has ever instituted on its economy. It is a commodious effort and jolt to the American economy, seen as a move to curb economic catastrophe.Bearing in mind that there is no other viable fiscal plan at hand, the stimulus package is worth a try. Many are wise enough to note from history of The Great slack that counteraction is the measure and any procrastination would translate to nothing short of economic suicide.Work CitedHERSZENHORN, D. M., Congress Moves on Stimulus Bill and Bailout Money. Retrieved on 2nd April 2009 from http//www.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/business/economy/16webstimulus.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1, 2009BRUNE, T., economic stimulus package could reach $1.2T. Retrieved on 2nd April 2009 from http//www.newsday.com/news/printedition/nation/ny-usstim085956982dec08,0,5280976.story, 2008

Comparison of the Social Sciences

MORELAND HUMAN look PESPECTIVES similitude PAPER AND presentment 1 HUMAN demeanor PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER ON DIVERSITY PRESENTATION JANICE MORELAND SSC101 HUMAN port PERSPECTIVE SAINT social lion UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTOR ALOMA MENDOZA JUNE 4, 2012 1 Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=2132524 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 2 ABSTRACT This paper is a critical comparison between the adult male behavior disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology. This assessment is an observation of a social, political and cultural conflict that notify be solve with compromise.The issue will analyze behavior using the social science perspective of anthropology, psychology, and sociology as a multimedia presentation. It emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity and reflects the values of Respect and Community for people of former(a) cultures. Keywords altruism, diversity, self-actualization, community, philosophy, livin g, community, happiness, wellbeing, respect. 2 Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=2132524 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 3 Anthropology Who Am I Cultural DiversityPsychology Why Am I Different Diversity = Differences Sociology What Influences You and Me and How sewer We Survive Together with our Differences Compromise = Allowing me to be Different without you giving up your integrity THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY, psychological science AND SOCIOLOGY First, the theme of anthropology writes human behavior and cultural diversity based upon ethnicity, race, gender and national origin. This anthropological study of human behavior tells us the mores, work ethics, taboos, social constructs, social institutions, religion, family structure, hierarchy of social structures (popular and subcultures) and needs.Secondly, the study of anthropology equates to a psychological profile of a particular culture, ethnic collection, race, or gender and their belief systems, learning, motivations, and perceptions. Therefore, the psychological profile of a particular region, culture, race or ethnic group tells us what sociology or social influences and biologic influences have on the behavior of that particular group that motivates, enhances, destroys or influences change in that on a particular culture. 3 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION ***Clip Art by Microsoft word*** In 1980, a lawsuit was filed Keebler Co. v. Rovira Biscuit Corp. , 624 F2d 366 (1980). This lawsuit was a dispute about who owns the title to the word export sodas to identify a generic term for soda crackers. Expert Sodas was a generic term that meant the same as Soda Crackers and Keebler wanted to hold exclusive rights to it. easily Rovira Biscuit Corp had been using the name and made a knockoff package to look comparable Keebler and Keebler didnt like it.Therefore, Keebler took an aggressive action by demanding that it hold title to the name. Well, the courts didnt see it kind of that way and looked for middle ground where all might non be totally happy, but not completely dissatisfied the court allowed Keebler to keep the name based upon state specific areas and Rovira to use the other term in Puerto Rico where everyone knew what both names meant. Therefore, both got what they wanted and were able to operate without antagonism or interference and everyone knew what both words meant. Justia, 1980) The moral to this story is that if you want to prevent stagnation consequently compromise is the answer, its the way America maintains domestic tranquility. What is based upon religion is that 4 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 5 and what is considered a secular idea with the same meaning potty have a different name with the same rights. There are some paradigm shifts that flock destroy or enhance. The question is anyone willing to compromise to get results?In conclusion, the study of anthropology which gives all of the facts of a culture based upon culture, region, race, gender and ethnicity. Psychology says that you can use the information from the study of anthropology model a psychological profile or the mindset of a particular culture, race, region or ethnic group to determine what they will or will not do. Sociology says that based upon the study of anthropology and psychology, political leaders, social institutions, businesses, and others can determine what social constructs or social institutions to use as a device for change. MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 6 REFERENCES Bing. (2012) A view from the right. (picture) Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http//aviewfromtheright. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/diverse-people. jpg Justia. (1980). Keebler Co. v. Rovira Biscuit Corp. , 624 F2d 366 (1980). Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http//law. justia. com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/624/366/312997/). ) Retr 6

How to Brief a Case

HOW TO BRIEF A CASE Below I have sketched in the beginnings of a brief as a format. This time-honored method of analysis is the basic unit of uprightness school instruction and so most judicial sound judgements are written to conform to this approach. Knowing the rules pass waters observation the game so much more interesting. Start with the name of the Case which is called the style of the wooing. PERLA GRAFF v. JAY L. GRAFF, 569 So. 2d 811, Fla. initiatory Dist. Ct. App. (1990). First is the case name, followed by the citation which tells where you can find the hard copy of this case.This particular case is found in Volume 569 of the Southern Reporter, Second Series at page 811 in an opinion written by the First District royal court of Appeals for Florida in 1990. FACTS (In this section you demand to state the mountain and events that led to the plaintiff suing the defendant as well as any facts relevant to the switch off(s). ) The parties were married for everywhere 13 ye ars, but, former to the marriage the maintain purchased a denture solely in his name.Thirteen years into the marriage, and for survivorship purposes unless, the Husband deeded the property to both(prenominal) he and his wife as tenants by the entireties. Additionally, the parties used their joint checking account to make the mortgage payments and the parties used marital monies to conduce a pool and replace the roof. The Husband testified that he purchased the family unit for $48,000. 00 prior to the marriage and that at the time of the divorce the homes prise was between $100,000. 0 and $110,000. 00. ISSUE (In this section you want to state the specific legal question(s) raised in the case. Look at the overall question(s) to be resolved by the court. Sometimes you go forth have more than one question, but, you want to state your issue as a question or begin your issue with the word whether) Whether the change magnitude value of the marital home was a marital asset and the refore whether the Wife was authorise to trusty distribution of that value.HOLDING (In this section identify how the court answered the issue. You want to answer the issue(s) in the affirmative or negative, mirroring the issue as you answer it. ) The increased value of the home was a marital asset and the Wife was entitled to equitable distribution of that value. LAW (In this section you state the law used by the court to go past its decision. Sometimes it will be common law, meaning a court decision or it will be based on statute. ) divide 61. 75, Florida Statutes, Equitable distribution of marital assets and liabilities. RATIONALE (What legal argumentation formed the courts decision? What rules of law, for example, did it apply? How did it interpret legal principles or documents? How did it construe the facts? In other words, wherefore did the court reached its decision? ) Here you outline the courts theory of wherefore the increased value of the Husbands pre-marital home w as a marital asset and therefore why the Wife was entitled to equitable distribution of it.This should always be the longest section of the brief since this is the solely actual discussion of legal theory. The court held in favor of the form wife using Section 61. 075 concerning equitable distribution of marital assets and finding that the increased value of an asset solely owned by one spouse prior to the marriage may be a marital asset study to equitable distribution if the increased value was the result of either the work efforts of one or both spouses or the expenditure of marital funds or earnings of the parties. Pursuant to Sect. 61. 75 the Court was compulsory to begin with the understanding that a nonmarital asset is to be set apart to the spouse who held the asset prior to the marriage, however, in this case the former Husband added the Former Wife to the marital home title indeed do the marital home a joint asset for distribution purposes. Thus the court essential th en, pursuant to Sect. 61. 075 divide the equitable value of the property equally, unless there is reason to do otherwise. In this case, the Former Husband attempted to argue the asset should still be treated differently because he only placed the Former Wifes name on the title in the event of his demise.Even if the Court were to use that argument, the law still entitles the Former Wife to equitable distribution of the asset because the increased value of the asset was based on the joint efforts of both spouses as the Former Husband In making its findings the court looked at the facts the parties used their joint checking account to make the mortgage payments and the parties used marital monies to add a pool and replace the roof. Thus equity required that the increased value of the marital home be treated as a marital asset subject to equal distribution.

“Death Penalty” Pros and Cons

Death Penalty Pros and Cons Francisco X. Lendor Introduction to Criminal nicety (1102 CCJS100 4021) Due on Tuesday, present 26, 2011 Death Penalty Pros and Cons History over the years has taught us of many divers(prenominal) ways on how to control or punish people who dont follow the rules and honors let downd by confederacy and courts. These are adopted by society to establish behavior standards.Whether some of them are effective or not, these must be respected in order to not fall into a severe penalization like the finish penalisation. AThe enormity of cleanup ones fellow man with care is the principal reason for the existence of the death penalty. Throughout history, death penalty has been debated in many different ways. Groups protesting bring up their point of views with their pros and cons to defend their position in favor or against this punishment.A amend example of why some assemblages oppose to this penalty is discussed in articles 1Anti-death penalty group s raising coin for exonoree Anthony Graves, by Diane Jennings, and in 2Testimony to begin today in death penalty trial of man criminate of killing wife, stepdaughter and showing stepsons their bodies, by Jennifer Emily. In the first article, a group from the Texas Moratorium Network was raising money to help, in this case, Anthony Graves. Graves spent 18 years in fall back for capital punishments he never committed, and was finally released from the death row from Texas after prosecutors declared him innocent.On the other hand, on the second article, Gary Green was facing a final decision to be convicted of capital murder in Texas. After stabbing his wife, he killed her 6-year-old daughter and proceeded to show their bodies to his stepsons. Jurors in this case were to decide Bwhether to impose a death sentence or send him to prison for life without parole. Death penalty brings decreed and negative contributions to society. Even though, there have been a lot of proven mistakes when imposing it, and it still shows to be unsuccessful on removing evil from society.One of the pros death penalty contributes to society is that it deters some population from committing murder. It to a fault gives peace of mind to the victim and their families and puts an end to the crime. Also, the headache of the highest form of punishment leave behind keep capability victims alive. Some sequences families of the victims begin their healing process once the murderer is put to death. Politically seen, it also gives self-respect to politicians and some others may even secure their positions by taking a well known murder case to a closing point.Proponents of the death penalty say Cit is an important tool for preserving law and order, deters crime, and costs less than life imprisonment. They also argue that Dretribution helps console grieving families, and ensures that the perpetrators of monstrous crimes never have an opportunity to cause future tragedy. But it comes to the fact that these arguments just help them unblock their support to punishment, while it is still not supported by a majority. Society still has a lot of issues against the death penalty.One of the most commonly questions people ask themselves is what would it accomplish to put soulfulness on death row? If the victim is already dead, you cannot bring him back. It is not true that the opponents feel fear of death will prevent one of committing murder. Statistics show that most of the murders are done on the warmth of passion when a soul is unable to think rationally. Therefore, how can one think of fear in the heat of passion? Opponents also argue the fact that there have been a lot of cases where the person being convicted was mistakenly accused.Worse than that, many have often been mistakenly killed due to the capital punishment process, and it is often inconsistently and arbitrarily applied. For Christians, a perfect example of a person driven to the death row being mistakenly accused was deliveryman. Legitimate murderers, in the bible, were granted freedom and forgiveness, but Jesus was convicted, accused, and finally killed. This argument is mostly used by religious activists and protesters against the death penalty. People with deep-rooted depression to religious viewpoint often defend the right to life above any punishment that will threaten or jeopardize it.Based on the information published in both articles resumed above, and over the internet, I conclude that death penalty is not a deterrent, as violent crime place show to be consistently higher in death penalty jurisdictions. Whether you are a dictated criminal or a government representing the people, killing another human being is wrong. It is wrong from the look of the justice, and so it is wrong viewed from the eyes of God or the Supreme Being in which we believe. holding killers off the streets for good through the Life Without Parole (LWOP) also prevents re-offending without having to harm murderers life.As Voltaire once wrote Elet the punishments of criminals be useful. A hanged man is good for nothing a man condemned to public full treatment still serves the country, and is a good living lesson. BIBLIOGRAPHY . UMUC Library Guide to Criminal JusticeResourcesUMUC bind Anti-death penalty groups raising money for exonoree Anthony Graves, by Diane Jennings Reporter of Dallas Morning News UMUC Library Guide to Criminal JusticeResourcesUMUC Article Testimony to begin today in death penalty trial of man accused of killing wife, stepdaughter and showing stepsons their bodies, by Jennifer Emily Reporter of Dallas Morning NewsREFERENCES CITED TIME in Partnership with CNN (online) http//www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,905684,00. html 2nd paragraph of UMUC Library Guide to Criminal JusticeResourcesUMUC Article Testimony to begin today in death penalty trial of man accused of killing wife, stepdaughter and showing stepsons their bodies, by Jennifer Emily Re porter of Dallas Morning News 2nd paragraph of http//deathpenalty. procon. org/ 2nd paragraph of http//deathpenalty. procon. org/ http//www. deathpenaltyinfo. org/

Emotion and Stress – Does Guilt and Sympathy Affect Helping Behavior?

Helping behavior is perceived as socially acceptable and highly appreciated. Therefore, muckle tend to praise others when they clear helped the needy. We usanced to think that only those raft with positive nature, such as sensitive and variant, bring about luck behaviors. Nevertheless, whether one forges good or non also greatly depends on his or her worked up states. Through this psychology project, I found that people ar much potential to perform a portion behavior when they tactile property viciousnessy or sympathetic. Emotion is an indispensable element of humanity. It is a way for people to understand what they feel towards events and people around.Un c ar lower-order animals, emotion helps people to act like a human. Serial killers argon emotionless. nation with emotionless may probably feel nothing when they are hurting or harming others which are highly unacceptable in society. Since people tend to engage more when they are happy but withdraw from daily activ ities when they are upset, we can see that our behaviors are forever and a day determined by our emotions. Yet, people tend to perform more portion behaviors when they feel offensey or sympathetic. How do these ostracise emotions push people to help their neighbors?Guilt is an emotion that occurs when people believe that they have violated a moral standard while benignity is the feeling of being sorry for mortal showing that people understand and care about somebodys problem. They are both negative rather than positive emotions. People do not feel good when they are guilty or sympathetic towards somebody. Is that true people involve more in altruistic behaviors when they are guilty or sympathetic? There is an experiment conducted by Jean Decety (2009) who is a neuroscientist studying the relationship between guilt, sympathy and helping.He is a professor of Psychology at the University of Chigago and is specialized in affective neuroscience. In the study, student subjects are r equired to observe their coworkers receiving shock. Some of them are made to think they are responsible for the coworkers pitiful (guilt condition), while others merely observe the suffering (observer condition. There is also a group working with coworkers receiving no shock. Later the ternary groups are given opportunities to help a third party who is not in the original experiment.The result shows that subjects in the guilt and observer condition are more likely than the work group to give their helping hand to the third party. The finding suggests that the feeling of guilt and sympathy and the willingness in engaging in an altruistic act is highly correlated. Subjects are more willing to help others when they feel sorry for a third person even they do not responsible for their unfortunate. At the same(p) time, altruism may aroused merely by witnessing ones suffering. There are three reasons for people who feel guilty and sympathetic to engage in helping behaviors.Altruism is a form of disguise self-interest and helps in mood management while restoring ones self-image. People help others for their fuckledge benefits. It is always unpleasant to watch another organism suffer. When one empathizes because of their misfortune, strong negative emotion is arisen. People are actually seeking to alleviate the unpleasant feelings that their distress arouse in them. It is a kind of internal self-reward. This can reduce the negative feeling by saying they have at least(prenominal) done their part in helping the unfortunate. Therefore, altruism is the attempt to reduce the empathetic feeling that arises in people.Besides, people help others when they are guilty and sympathetic for mood management. Both guilt and sympathy are negative emotions which are unpleasant. Therefore, they can be reduced by performing a helpful act or any other positive means. In a study (Decety, 2009), subjects who had inflicted or witnessed an unfortunate part received an unexpected mone tary reward. The result shows that subjects who received rewards are less likely than those who do not receive any and remain in bad mood in engaging helping behaviors. This indicates that helping is just one of the positive means which can uplift ones emotion.People are motivate to engage in altruistic act in order to alleviate the negative emotion associated with guilt and sympathy. Apart from that, when people feel guilty, they have probably done something wrong and regret for their actions. For instance, students have cheated in an examination. Their self-images are broken due to the negative behaviors performed. They understand that their behaviors are unacceptable and they do not hope to be perceived as bad. In order to restore the self-image in others eye, people will perform more pro-social behaviors.This is to prove that they are still the good guy. It seems to be upsetting that if humanity performs a helping behavior just for reforming their own self-image rather than fro m a genuine feeling of guilt in helping others. Fortunately, it is not the case. Research suggests that unwitnessed transgression causes the same amount of donation as witnessed transgression. Therefore, it is acceptable to conclude that people perform altruistic act are at least partly caused by the feeling of guilt but not a need to repair their own self-image in others eye. Undoubtedly, there is a use for these findings.Since many charitable organizations know very well the psychology of human, many of the fund-raising activities we can see in daily lives make use of peoples empathy. It is common to see volunteers showing photos of the needy in the less-developed countries persuading pedestrians to donate money to them. Guilty may arises as people may recall they have lazy a lot of resources and sympathy may arises as living conditions in those less-developed countries are really poor. With the rousing of these negative emotions, people may therefore engage in altruism.It is tr ue that ones personality largely determines the likeliness in performing helping behaviors. Yet, our willingness in performing these behaviors also depends on the emotional states at that moment. The experiment done by professor, Jean Decety, proves that the feeling of guilt and sympathy can emphatically facilitate altruistic behaviors. As a result, organizations may make use of this psychology as we know that even the meanest person may have the experience in helping others provided that they are at the sound emotional state.

African American Women Speak Out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

African American Women Speak Out - Essay ExampleAfrican Americans in universal have come a long way from the dark days of slavery this is especially the suit for women. There are so many challenges and issues that this group has faced over the year thus do it very difficult to summarize all this information in one piece. First of all, down(p) multitude were struggling with the revolutionary agenda and in order to garner support for their movement, most of the members of this society had to retrace certain identities that were unique to the black person.An separate issue that cropped up in this period was the fact that in that location high levels of Sexism in the Black cougar party. This was largely depicted by the Actions of the societys leaders-Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. In a book Published by Doubleday A taste of Power by Elaine browned (1994), the origin describes her experiences as a member of the Black Panther party. Elaine Brown was brought up in a poor Black com munity but had the opportunity to access education.During her time in the Black Panther party, Elaine Brown, along with other women in the movement were largely interested in transforming African American welfare. These actions were the things that took up most of her time. any(prenominal) of the activities that Ms. Brown focused on included increasing medical economic aid to her community, provision of food assistance among many other aspects related to the social well being of her community. However the men in this party had a more radical surface to their coz. Most of them applied as double thronged approach in the revolutionary activities there was the political dimension and the militant dimension. Leaders like Huey Newton and Bobby Seale treasured to create a defensive system for the Black people through military techniques. These ideas even permeated into the lead of their daily activities.For instance, the Black Panther party used to publish a newspaper in which Elaine Brown was one of the editors. At one time, it happened that Brown (1994) had delayed with the newspapers production by one hour. In chemical reaction to this action, the tough disciplinarian Booby Seale sought to find out who had caused this delay. When it was revealed that the editing took longer than required, Seale commanded his subordinates to disciple Elaine Brown. They did this by flogging her with ten lashes on her back. Brown (1994) explains that while going through the beating, she was burning with rage at the actions of her leader Seale who seemed to be applying double standards in the administration of justice within this party. Within the Black Panther movement, women were expected to silently obey the words of the male leaders. Even the manner in which codes of practice were set up in the Black Panther Party reflected this deeply engrained Sexism. No one was expected to vote or contribute to the rules governing the party. Instead, women were to listen and abide by the decisions made by their male counterparts. It is also provoke to note that within this party, there were no female leaders as all of them were predominantly male. This goes to see that women were almost invisible. To the men in top positions, women were seen as instruments that could be used to implement the party goals and cipher more.However, despite this seeming mistrust, on cannot overlook the fact that some women in the Black Panther Party contributed towards Black empowerment in their own silent way. One such case is the latter mentioned author who chose to change her society in whichever little way she could.Cleaver (1968) in his book Soul on Ice brings in a totally different dimension to the sentiments and feelings